J.Q. Qin, W.B. Bo, P. Das, Z.Y. Dong, Y.H. Feng, J.X. Ma, X. Wang, L.X. Xie *, Y.L. Ren * and Z.-S. Wu *

Small Methods, 2025, accepted.

The rapid evolution of next-generation portable, wearable and implantable electronics has increased the demand for multi-functional materials and flexible miniaturized integrated microsystems of micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) and sensors. To address this urgent need, we propose a dual-template interfacial assembly strategy to fabricate 2D in-plane mesoporous N-doped carbon (imNC) as dual-functional materials in both MSCs and pressure sensors, achieving a co-planar integrated microsystem. The as-prepared imNC nanosheets feature adjustable in-plane mesopore size (7.3 ~ 23.2 nm), specific surface area (222 ~ 413 m2 g−1) and nitrogen content (3.8% ~ 5.9%). We establish the relationship between mesopore size/nitrogen composition and electrochemical performance of the MSCs. Subsequently, the imNC-based MSCs employing ionogel electrolyte delivered a wide operating voltage of 3.8 V, high areal energy density of 41.9 μWh cm−2 and excellent flexibility with negligible capacitance loss over 2000 bending cycles, along with tunable voltage and current output through multi-device integration. More importantly, the imNC-based MSC could readily power an imNC-based pressure sensor on the same flexible substrate for monitoring various pressures and vibrations, verifying the dual-functionality and high performance of imNC in the integrated microsystem. This work provides a broad platform for creating multi-functional 2D mesoporous materials towards flexible and miniaturized integrated microsystem.